Pass object id in the various formatting filters

[Denis-de-Bernardy]

This is a consolidated ticket, in reference to #9319 and #5746.

Both were requests to pass either of $post or $post->ID as an argument to the_title (both have patches for that).

The same idea could be applied to multitudes of other formatting hooks. They're not always called in the loop, so determining the ID of the object (post, link, category, tag, etc.) isn't always easy in the event that it is useful.

Suggested enhancement:

each filter such as the_title, the_content, etc., but also the_permalink, the_category_link, etc., possibly also the_category, etc., as well... basically any hook that is formatting related and that affects an individual object rather than a collection, should have the object's ID as an argument for easy reference.

http://core.trac.wordpress.org/attachment/ticket/5746/5746.diff will do this for the_title

Loosely related: #8918

(In [11112]) Pass post ID to the_title filter. Props DD32. see #5746 #9666