Tests: Cover saved and rejected screen options.
Verify user metadata written by set_screen_options() for built-in and filtered custom options, rejection of an out-of-range value, and requests without screen-option data. Use the inherited die handler, a redirect interceptor, and a static data provider.
Developed in: https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/pull/11739
Props pbearne.
See #65183.