Index: src/wp-admin/css/customize-nav-menus.css
===================================================================
--- src/wp-admin/css/customize-nav-menus.css	(revision 37712)
+++ src/wp-admin/css/customize-nav-menus.css	(working copy)
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 	color: #23282d;
 }
 
-#available-menu-items .accordion-section-content {
+#available-menu-items .available-menu-items-list {
 	overflow-y: auto;
 	max-height: 200px; /* This gets set in JS to fit the screen size, and based on # of sections. */
 	background: transparent;
@@ -516,11 +516,49 @@
 }
 
 #available-menu-items .accordion-section-content {
-	padding: 1px 15px 15px 15px;
+	max-height: 290px;
 	margin: 0;
-	max-height: 290px;
+	padding: 0;
+	position: relative;
+	background: transparent;
 }
 
+#available-menu-items .accordion-section-content .available-menu-items-list {
+	margin: 0 0 45px 0;
+	padding: 1px 15px 15px 15px;
+}
+
+#available-menu-items .accordion-section-content .available-menu-items-list:only-child { /* Types that do not support new items for the current user */
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+#new-custom-menu-item .accordion-section-content {
+	padding: 0 15px 15px 15px;
+}
+
+#available-menu-items .accordion-section-content .new-content-item {
+	width: calc(100% - 30px);
+	padding: 8px 15px;
+	position: absolute;
+	bottom: 0;
+	z-index: 10;
+	background: #eee;
+}
+
+#available-menu-items .new-content-item .add-content {
+	float: right;
+	padding-left: 6px;
+}
+
+#available-menu-items .new-content-item .add-content:before {
+	content: "\f543";
+	font: 20px/16px dashicons;
+	position: relative;
+	display: inline-block;
+	top: 5px;
+	left: -2px;
+}
+
 #available-menu-items .menu-item-tpl {
 	margin: 0;
 }
Index: src/wp-admin/js/customize-nav-menus.js
===================================================================
--- src/wp-admin/js/customize-nav-menus.js	(revision 37712)
+++ src/wp-admin/js/customize-nav-menus.js	(working copy)
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@
 			'click .menu-item-tpl': '_submit',
 			'click #custom-menu-item-submit': '_submitLink',
 			'keypress #custom-menu-item-name': '_submitLink',
+			'click .new-content-item .add-content': '_submitNew',
+			'keypress .create-item-input': '_submitNew',
 			'keydown': 'keyboardAccessible'
 		},
 
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@
 		pages: {},
 		sectionContent: '',
 		loading: false,
+		addingNew: false,
 
 		initialize: function() {
 			var self = this;
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@
 			}
 
 			this.$search = $( '#menu-items-search' );
-			this.sectionContent = this.$el.find( '.accordion-section-content' );
+			this.sectionContent = this.$el.find( '.available-menu-items-list' );
 
 			this.debounceSearch = _.debounce( self.search, 500 );
 
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@
 
 			// Load more items.
 			this.sectionContent.scroll( function() {
-				var totalHeight = self.$el.find( '.accordion-section.open .accordion-section-content' ).prop( 'scrollHeight' ),
+				var totalHeight = self.$el.find( '.accordion-section.open .available-menu-items-list' ).prop( 'scrollHeight' ),
 					visibleHeight = self.$el.find( '.accordion-section.open' ).height();
 
 				if ( ! self.loading && $( this ).scrollTop() > 3 / 4 * totalHeight - visibleHeight ) {
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@
 				}
 				items = new api.Menus.AvailableItemCollection( items ); // @todo Why is this collection created and then thrown away?
 				self.collection.add( items.models );
-				typeInner = availableMenuItemContainer.find( '.accordion-section-content' );
+				typeInner = availableMenuItemContainer.find( '.available-menu-items-list' );
 				items.each(function( menuItem ) {
 					typeInner.append( itemTemplate( menuItem.attributes ) );
 				});
@@ -356,14 +359,23 @@
 
 		// Adjust the height of each section of items to fit the screen.
 		itemSectionHeight: function() {
-			var sections, totalHeight, accordionHeight, diff;
+			var sections, lists, totalHeight, accordionHeight, diff, totalWidth, button, buttonWidth;
 			totalHeight = window.innerHeight;
 			sections = this.$el.find( '.accordion-section:not( #available-menu-items-search ) .accordion-section-content' );
-			accordionHeight =  46 * ( 2 + sections.length ) - 13; // Magic numbers.
+			lists = this.$el.find( '.accordion-section:not( #available-menu-items-search ) .available-menu-items-list:not(":only-child")' );
+			accordionHeight =  46 * ( 1 + sections.length ) + 14; // Magic numbers.
 			diff = totalHeight - accordionHeight;
 			if ( 120 < diff && 290 > diff ) {
 				sections.css( 'max-height', diff );
+				lists.css( 'max-height', ( diff - 60 ) );
 			}
+			// Fit the new-content input and button in the available space.
+			totalWidth = this.$el.width();
+			// Clone button to get width of invisible element.
+			button = this.$el.find( '.accordion-section .new-content-item .add-content' ).first().clone().appendTo( 'body' ).css({ 'display': 'block', 'visibility': 'hidden' });
+			buttonWidth = button.outerWidth();
+			button.remove();
+			this.$el.find( '.accordion-section .new-content-item .create-item-input' ).width( ( totalWidth - buttonWidth - 70 ) ); // 70 = additional margins and padding.
 		},
 
 		// Highlights a menu item.
@@ -456,6 +468,87 @@
 			itemName.val( '' );
 		},
 
+		// Submit handler for keypress (enter) on field and click on button.
+		_submitNew: function( event ) {
+			// Only proceed with keypress if it is Enter.
+			if ( 'keypress' === event.type && 13 !== event.which ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if ( this.addingNew ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			var container = $( event.target ).closest( '.accordion-section' );
+			
+			this.submitNew( container );
+		},
+
+		// Creates a new object and adds an associated menu item to the menu.
+		submitNew: function( container ) {
+			var panel = this,
+				itemName = container.find( '.create-item-input' ),
+				title = itemName.val(),
+				dataContainer = container.find( '.available-menu-items-list' ),
+				itemType = dataContainer.data( 'type' ),
+				itemObject = dataContainer.data( 'object' ),
+				itemTypeLabel = dataContainer.data( 'type_label' ),
+				promise;
+
+			if ( ! this.currentMenuControl ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if ( '' === itemName.val() ) {
+				itemName.addClass( 'invalid' );
+				return;
+			} else {
+				container.find( '.accordion-section-title' ).addClass( 'loading' );
+			}
+
+			// Only posts are supported currently.
+			if ( 'post_type' !== itemType ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			panel.addingNew = true;
+			itemName.attr( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
+			promise = wp.customize.Posts.insertAutoDraftPost( {
+				post_title: title,
+				post_type: itemObject,
+				post_status: 'publish'
+			} );
+			promise.done( function( data ) {
+				var menuItem = {
+					'title': itemName.val(),
+					'type': itemType,
+					'type_label': itemTypeLabel,
+					'object': itemObject,
+					'object_id': data.postId,
+					'url': data.url
+				}, availableItems, $content, itemTemplate;
+
+				// Add new item to menu.
+				panel.currentMenuControl.addItemToMenu( menuItem );
+
+				// Add the new item to the list of available items.
+				menuItem['id'] = 'post-' + data.postId; // `id` is used for available menu item Backbone models.
+				availableItems = new api.Menus.AvailableItemCollection( [ menuItem ] );
+				api.Menus.availableMenuItemsPanel.collection.add( availableItems.models );
+				$content = container.find( '.available-menu-items-list' ),
+				itemTemplate = wp.template( 'available-menu-item' );
+				$content.prepend( itemTemplate( menuItem ) );
+				$content.scrollTop();
+
+				// Reset the create content form.
+				itemName.val( '' )
+				        .removeAttr( 'disabled' )
+				        .focus();
+				panel.addingNew = false;
+				container.find( '.accordion-section-title' ).removeClass( 'loading' );
+			} );
+		},
+
 		// Opens the panel.
 		open: function( menuControl ) {
 			this.currentMenuControl = menuControl;
Index: src/wp-admin/js/customize-posts.js
===================================================================
--- src/wp-admin/js/customize-posts.js	(revision 0)
+++ src/wp-admin/js/customize-posts.js	(working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* global jQuery, wp, _, console */
+
+(function( api, $ ) {
+	'use strict';
+
+	var component;
+
+	if ( ! api.Posts ) {
+		api.Posts = {};
+	}
+
+	component = api.Posts;
+
+	component.autoDrafts = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Insert a new `auto-draft` post.
+	 *
+	 * @param {object} params - Parameters for the draft post to create.
+	 * @param {string} params.post_type - Post type to add.
+	 * @param {number} params.title - Post title to use.
+	 * @return {jQuery.promise} Promise resolved with the added post.
+	 */
+	component.insertAutoDraftPost = function( params ) {
+		var request, deferred = $.Deferred();
+
+		request = wp.ajax.post( 'customize-posts-insert-auto-draft', {
+			'customize-menus-nonce': api.settings.nonce['customize-menus'],
+			'wp_customize': 'on',
+			'params': params
+		} );
+
+		request.done( function( response ) {
+			if ( response.postId ) {
+				deferred.resolve( response );
+				component.autoDrafts.push( response.postId );
+				api( 'nav_menus_created_posts' ).set( component.autoDrafts );
+			}
+		} );
+
+		request.fail( function( response ) {
+			var error = response || '';
+
+			if ( 'undefined' !== typeof response.message ) {
+				error = response.message;
+			}
+
+			console.error( error );
+			deferred.rejectWith( error );
+		} );
+
+		return deferred.promise();
+	};
+
+	api.bind( 'ready', function() {
+
+		api.bind( 'saved', function( data ) {
+			// @todo: show users links to edit newly-published posts.
+
+			// Reset auto-drafts.
+			component.autoDrafts = []; // Reset the array the next time an item is created. Don't update the setting yet as that would trigger the customizer's dirty state.
+		} );
+
+	} );
+
+})( wp.customize, jQuery );
Index: src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-nav-menus.php
===================================================================
--- src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-nav-menus.php	(revision 37712)
+++ src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-nav-menus.php	(working copy)
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
 	 * @param object $manager An instance of the WP_Customize_Manager class.
 	 */
 	public function __construct( $manager ) {
-		$this->previewed_menus = array();
-		$this->manager         = $manager;
+		$this->previewed_menus            = array();
+		$this->manager                    = $manager;
 
 		// Skip useless hooks when the user can't manage nav menus anyway.
 		if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_theme_options' ) ) {
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@
 		add_filter( 'customize_refresh_nonces', array( $this, 'filter_nonces' ) );
 		add_action( 'wp_ajax_load-available-menu-items-customizer', array( $this, 'ajax_load_available_items' ) );
 		add_action( 'wp_ajax_search-available-menu-items-customizer', array( $this, 'ajax_search_available_items' ) );
+		add_action( 'wp_ajax_customize-posts-insert-auto-draft', array( $this, 'ajax_add_new_auto_draft_post' ) );
 		add_action( 'customize_controls_enqueue_scripts', array( $this, 'enqueue_scripts' ) );
-
-		// Needs to run after core Navigation section is set up.
 		add_action( 'customize_register', array( $this, 'customize_register' ), 11 );
-
 		add_filter( 'customize_dynamic_setting_args', array( $this, 'filter_dynamic_setting_args' ), 10, 2 );
 		add_filter( 'customize_dynamic_setting_class', array( $this, 'filter_dynamic_setting_class' ), 10, 3 );
 		add_action( 'customize_controls_print_footer_scripts', array( $this, 'print_templates' ) );
 		add_action( 'customize_controls_print_footer_scripts', array( $this, 'available_items_template' ) );
 		add_action( 'customize_preview_init', array( $this, 'customize_preview_init' ) );
+		add_action( 'customize_preview_init', array( $this, 'make_auto_draft_status_previewable' ) );
+		add_action( 'customize_save_nav_menus_created_posts', array( $this, 'publish_auto_draft_posts' ) );
 
 		// Selective Refresh partials.
 		add_filter( 'customize_dynamic_partial_args', array( $this, 'customize_dynamic_partial_args' ), 10, 2 );
@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@
 	public function enqueue_scripts() {
 		wp_enqueue_style( 'customize-nav-menus' );
 		wp_enqueue_script( 'customize-nav-menus' );
+		wp_enqueue_script( 'customize-posts' );
 
 		$temp_nav_menu_setting      = new WP_Customize_Nav_Menu_Setting( $this->manager, 'nav_menu[-1]' );
 		$temp_nav_menu_item_setting = new WP_Customize_Nav_Menu_Item_Setting( $this->manager, 'nav_menu_item[-1]' );
@@ -621,6 +622,11 @@
 			'section'  => 'add_menu',
 			'settings' => array(),
 		) ) );
+
+		$this->manager->add_setting( new WP_Customize_Filter_Setting( $this->manager, 'nav_menus_created_posts', array(
+			'transport' => 'postMessage',
+			'default'   => array(),
+		) ) );
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -655,6 +661,7 @@
 			foreach ( $post_types as $slug => $post_type ) {
 				$item_types[] = array(
 					'title'  => $post_type->labels->name,
+					'label'  => $post_type->labels->singular_name,
 					'type'   => 'post_type',
 					'object' => $post_type->name,
 				);
@@ -669,6 +676,7 @@
 				}
 				$item_types[] = array(
 					'title'  => $taxonomy->labels->name,
+					'label'  => $taxonomy->labels->singular_name,
 					'type'   => 'taxonomy',
 					'object' => $taxonomy->name,
 				);
@@ -688,6 +696,104 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Add a new `auto-draft` post.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @since 4.6.0
+	 *
+	 * @param string $post_type The post type.
+	 * @param string $title     The post title.
+	 * @return WP_Post|WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function insert_auto_draft_post( $post_type, $title ) {
+
+		$post_type_obj = get_post_type_object( $post_type );
+		if ( ! $post_type_obj ) {
+			return new WP_Error( 'unknown_post_type', __( 'Unknown post type', 'customize-posts' ) );
+		}
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_insert_post_empty_content', '__return_false' );
+		$args = array(
+			'post_status' => 'auto-draft',
+			'post_type'   => $post_type,
+			'post_title'  => $title,
+			'post_name'  => sanitize_title( $title ), // Auto-drafts are allowed to have empty post_names, so we need to explicitly set it.
+		);
+		$r = wp_insert_post( wp_slash( $args ), true );
+		remove_filter( 'wp_insert_post_empty_content', '__return_false' );
+
+		if ( is_wp_error( $r ) ) {
+			return $r;
+		} else {
+			return get_post( $r );
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Ajax handler for adding a new auto-draft post.
+	 *
+	 * @action wp_ajax_customize-posts-insert-auto-draft
+	 * @access public
+	 * @since 4.6.0
+	 */
+	public function ajax_add_new_auto_draft_post() {
+		if ( ! check_ajax_referer( 'customize-menus', 'customize-menus-nonce' ) ) {
+			status_header( 400 );
+			wp_send_json_error( 'bad_nonce' );
+		}
+
+		if ( ! current_user_can( 'customize' ) ) {
+			status_header( 403 );
+			wp_send_json_error( 'customize_not_allowed' );
+		}
+
+		if ( empty( $_POST['params'] ) || ! is_array( $_POST['params'] ) ) {
+			status_header( 400 );
+			wp_send_json_error( 'missing_params' );
+		}
+
+		$params = wp_unslash( $_POST['params'] );
+
+		if ( empty( $params['post_type'] ) ) {
+			status_header( 400 );
+			wp_send_json_error( 'missing_post_type_param' );
+		}
+
+		$post_type_object = get_post_type_object( $params['post_type'] );
+		if ( ! $post_type_object || ! current_user_can( $post_type_object->cap->create_posts ) ) {
+			status_header( 403 );
+			wp_send_json_error( 'insufficient_post_permissions' );
+		}
+
+		if ( ! $params['title'] ) {
+			$params['title'] = '';
+		}
+
+		$r = $this->insert_auto_draft_post( $post_type_object->name, $params['post_title'] );
+		if ( is_wp_error( $r ) ) {
+			$error = $r;
+			if ( ! empty( $post_type_object->labels->singular_name ) ) {
+				$singular_name = $post_type_object->labels->singular_name;
+			} else {
+				$singular_name = __( 'Post' );
+			}
+
+			$data = array(
+				/* translators: %1$s is the post type name and %2$s is the error message. */
+				'message' => sprintf( __( '%1$s could not be created: %2$s' ), $singular_name, $error->get_error_message() ),
+			);
+			wp_send_json_error( $data );
+		} else {
+			$post = $r;
+			$data = array(
+				'postId' => $post->ID,
+				'url'    => get_permalink( $post->ID ),
+			);
+			wp_send_json_success( $data );
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Print the JavaScript templates used to render Menu Customizer components.
 	 *
 	 * Templates are imported into the JS use wp.template.
@@ -763,7 +869,7 @@
 					<span class="spinner"></span>
 				</div>
 				<button type="button" class="clear-results"><span class="screen-reader-text"><?php _e( 'Clear Results' ); ?></span></button>
-				<ul class="accordion-section-content" data-type="search"></ul>
+				<ul class="accordion-section-content available-menu-items-list" data-type="search"></ul>
 			</div>
 			<div id="new-custom-menu-item" class="accordion-section">
 				<h4 class="accordion-section-title" role="presentation">
@@ -792,7 +898,20 @@
 				</div>
 			</div>
 			<?php
-			// Containers for per-post-type item browsing; items added with JS.
+			/**
+			 * Filter the content types that do not allow new items to be created from nav menus.
+			 *
+			 * Types are formated as 'post_type'|'taxonomy' _ post_type_name; for example, 'taxonomy_post_format'.
+			 * Taxonomies are not yet supported by this UI but will be in the future. Post types are only available
+			 * here if `show_in_nav_menus` is true.
+			 *
+			 * @since 4.6.0
+			 *
+			 * @param array  $types  Array of disallowed types.
+			 */
+			$disallowed_new_content_types = apply_filters( 'customize_nav_menus_disallow_new_content_types', array( 'taxonomy_post_format' ) );
+
+			// Containers for per-post-type item browsing; items are added with JS.
 			foreach ( $this->available_item_types() as $available_item_type ) {
 				$id = sprintf( 'available-menu-items-%s-%s', $available_item_type['type'], $available_item_type['object'] );
 				?>
@@ -808,7 +927,20 @@
 							<span class="toggle-indicator" aria-hidden="true"></span>
 						</button>
 					</h4>
-					<ul class="accordion-section-content" data-type="<?php echo esc_attr( $available_item_type['type'] ); ?>" data-object="<?php echo esc_attr( $available_item_type['object'] ); ?>"></ul>
+					<div class="accordion-section-content">
+						<?php if ( 'post_type' === $available_item_type['type'] && ! in_array( $available_item_type['type'] . '_' . $available_item_type['object'], $disallowed_new_content_types ) ) : ?>
+							<?php $post_type_obj = get_post_type_object( $available_item_type['object'] ); ?>
+							<?php if ( current_user_can( $post_type_obj->cap->create_posts ) && current_user_can( $post_type_obj->cap->publish_posts ) ) : ?>
+								<div class="new-content-item">
+									<input type="text" class="create-item-input" placeholder="<?php
+									/* translators: %s: Singular title of post type or taxonomy */
+									printf( __( 'Create New %s' ), $post_type_obj->labels->singular_name ); ?>">
+									<button type="button" class="button add-content"><?php _e( 'Add' ); ?></button>
+								</div>
+							<?php endif; ?>
+						<?php endif; ?>
+						<ul class="available-menu-items-list" data-type="<?php echo esc_attr( $available_item_type['type'] ); ?>" data-object="<?php echo esc_attr( $available_item_type['object'] ); ?>" data-type_label="<?php echo esc_attr( $available_item_type['label'] ); ?>"></ul>
+					</div>
 				</div>
 				<?php
 			}
@@ -876,6 +1008,36 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Make the auto-draft status protected so that it can be queried.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6.0
+	 * @access public
+	 */
+	public function make_auto_draft_status_previewable() {
+		global $wp_post_statuses;
+		$wp_post_statuses['auto-draft']->protected = true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Make the auto-draft status protected so that it can be queried.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6.0
+	 * @access public
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_Customize_Setting $setting Customizer Setting object.
+	 */
+	public function publish_auto_draft_posts( $setting ) {
+		$value = $setting->post_value();
+		if ( ! empty ( $value ) ) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			foreach ( $value as $index => $post_id ) {
+				$post = get_post( $post_id );
+				wp_publish_post( $post );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Keep track of the arguments that are being passed to wp_nav_menu().
 	 *
 	 * @since 4.3.0
Index: src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-setting.php
===================================================================
--- src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-setting.php	(revision 37712)
+++ src/wp-includes/class-wp-customize-setting.php	(working copy)
@@ -497,6 +497,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Fetch and sanitize the $_POST value for the setting.
 	 *
+	 * During a save request prior to save, post_value() provides the new value while value() does not.
+	 *
 	 * @since 3.4.0
 	 *
 	 * @param mixed $default A default value which is used as a fallback. Default is null.
Index: src/wp-includes/script-loader.php
===================================================================
--- src/wp-includes/script-loader.php	(revision 37712)
+++ src/wp-includes/script-loader.php	(working copy)
@@ -461,6 +461,8 @@
 	$scripts->add( 'customize-nav-menus', "/wp-admin/js/customize-nav-menus$suffix.js", array( 'jquery', 'wp-backbone', 'customize-controls', 'accordion', 'nav-menu' ), false, 1 );
 	$scripts->add( 'customize-preview-nav-menus', "/wp-includes/js/customize-preview-nav-menus$suffix.js", array( 'jquery', 'wp-util', 'customize-preview', 'customize-selective-refresh' ), false, 1 );
 
+	$scripts->add( 'customize-posts', "/wp-admin/js/customize-posts$suffix.js", array( 'jquery', 'wp-backbone', 'customize-controls' ), false, 1 );
+
 	$scripts->add( 'accordion', "/wp-admin/js/accordion$suffix.js", array( 'jquery' ), false, 1 );
 
 	$scripts->add( 'shortcode', "/wp-includes/js/shortcode$suffix.js", array( 'underscore' ), false, 1 );
