diff --git src/wp-includes/media.php src/wp-includes/media.php
index ace9021fd7..f0dad7d8d4 100644
--- src/wp-includes/media.php
+++ src/wp-includes/media.php
@@ -3576,10 +3576,18 @@ function wp_enqueue_media( $args = array() ) {
 		$month_year->text = sprintf( __( '%1$s %2$d' ), $wp_locale->get_month( $month_year->month ), $month_year->year );
 	}
 
+	// Filter to show only available mime types.
+	$avail_post_mime_types = get_available_post_mime_types( 'attachment' );
+	$mimeTypes = wp_list_pluck( get_post_mime_types(), 0 );
+	foreach ( $mimeTypes as $mime_type => $label ) {
+		if ( ! wp_match_mime_types( $mime_type, $avail_post_mime_types ) ) {
+			unset( $mimeTypes[ $mime_type ] );
+		}
+	}
 	$settings = array(
 		'tabs'             => $tabs,
 		'tabUrl'           => add_query_arg( array( 'chromeless' => true ), admin_url( 'media-upload.php' ) ),
-		'mimeTypes'        => wp_list_pluck( get_post_mime_types(), 0 ),
+		'mimeTypes'        => $mimeTypes,
 		/** This filter is documented in wp-admin/includes/media.php */
 		'captions'         => ! apply_filters( 'disable_captions', '' ),
 		'nonce'            => array(
diff --git tests/phpunit/tests/functions.php tests/phpunit/tests/functions.php
index 88b9a46475..839fc988ec 100644
--- tests/phpunit/tests/functions.php
+++ tests/phpunit/tests/functions.php
@@ -465,6 +465,52 @@ class Tests_Functions extends WP_UnitTestCase {
 		$this->assertNotEmpty( $mimes );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Test that the media grid uses the correct available single media type.
+	 * @ticket 43658
+	 */
+	function test_wp_enqueue_media_single_mime_type() {
+		$filename      = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.jpg';
+		$contents      = file_get_contents( $filename );
+		$upload        = wp_upload_bits( basename( $filename ), null, $contents );
+		$attachment_id = $this->_make_attachment( $upload );
+
+		add_filter(
+			'media_view_settings',
+			function( $settings ) {
+				$this->assertEquals( array( 'image' ), array_keys( $settings['mimeTypes'] ) );
+				return $settings;
+			}
+		);
+		wp_enqueue_media();
+		remove_all_filters( 'media_view_settings' );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Test that the media grid uses the correct available multiple media types.
+	 * @ticket 43658
+	 */
+	function test_wp_enqueue_media_multiple_mime_types() {
+		$filename      = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.jpg';
+		$contents      = file_get_contents( $filename );
+		$upload        = wp_upload_bits( basename( $filename ), null, $contents );
+		$attachment_id = $this->_make_attachment( $upload );
+
+		$filename      = DIR_TESTDATA . '/uploads/small-audio.mp3';
+		$contents      = file_get_contents( $filename );
+		$upload        = wp_upload_bits( basename( $filename ), null, $contents );
+		$attachment_id = $this->_make_attachment( $upload );
+
+		add_filter(
+			'media_view_settings',
+			function( $settings ) {
+				$this->assertEquals( array( 'image', 'audio' ), array_keys( $settings['mimeTypes'] ) );
+				return $settings;
+			}
+		);
+		wp_enqueue_media();
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @ticket 21594
 	 */