Index: src/wp-includes/user.php
===================================================================
--- src/wp-includes/user.php	(revision 47171)
+++ src/wp-includes/user.php	(working copy)
@@ -3004,6 +3004,53 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Get the list of reserved names.
+	$reserved_names = array_values( $user_prop_to_export );
+
+	/**
+	 * Filter to extend the Users profile data for the privacy exporter.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @param array    $additional_user_profile_data {
+	 *     An array of name-value pairs of additional user data items.  Default: the empty array.
+	 *
+	 *     @type string $name  The user-facing name of an item name-value pair, e.g. 'IP Address'.
+	 *     @type string $value The user-facing value of an item data pair, e.g. '50.60.70.0'.
+	 * }
+	 * @param WP_User  $user           The user whose data is being exported.
+	 * @param array    $reserved_names An array of reserved names.  Any item in
+	 *                                 `$additional_user_data` that uses one of these
+	 *                                 for it's `name` will not be included in the export.
+	 */
+	$_extra_data = apply_filters( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array(), $user, $reserved_names );
+
+	if ( is_array( $_extra_data ) && ! empty( $_extra_data ) ) {
+		// Remove items that use reserved names.
+		$extra_data  = array_filter(
+			$_extra_data,
+			function( $item ) use ( $reserved_names ) {
+				return ! in_array( $item['name'], $reserved_names );
+			}
+		);
+
+		if ( count( $extra_data ) !== count( $_extra_data ) ) {
+			_doing_it_wrong(
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				sprintf(
+					/* translators: %s: wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data */
+					__( 'Filter %s returned items with reserved names.' ),
+					'<code>wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data</code>'
+				),
+				'5.4.0'
+			);
+		}
+
+		if ( ! empty( $extra_data ) ) {
+			$user_data_to_export = array_merge( $user_data_to_export, $extra_data );
+		}
+	}
+
 	$data_to_export[] = array(
 		'group_id'          => 'user',
 		'group_label'       => __( 'User' ),
Index: tests/phpunit/tests/user.php
===================================================================
--- tests/phpunit/tests/user.php	(revision 47171)
+++ tests/phpunit/tests/user.php	(working copy)
@@ -1685,4 +1685,139 @@
 		// Number of exported user properties.
 		$this->assertSame( 11, count( $actual['data'][0]['data'] ) );
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Testing the `wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data` filter works.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 47509
+	 */
+	function test_filter_wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data() {
+		$test_user = new WP_User( self::$contrib_id );
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array( $this, 'export_additional_user_profile_data' ) );
+
+		$actual = wp_user_personal_data_exporter( $test_user->user_email );
+
+		remove_filter( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array( $this, 'export_additional_user_profile_data' ) );
+
+		$this->assertTrue( $actual['done'] );
+
+		// Number of exported users.
+		$this->assertSame( 1, count( $actual['data'] ) );
+
+		// Number of exported user properties (the 11 core properties,
+		// plus 1 additional from the filter).
+		$this->assertSame( 12, count( $actual['data'][0]['data'] ) );
+
+		// Check that the item added by the filter was retained.
+		$this->assertSame(
+			1,
+			count(
+				wp_list_filter(
+					$actual['data'][0]['data'],
+					array(
+						'name'  => 'Test Additional Data Name',
+						'value' => 'Test Additional Data Value'
+					)
+				)
+			)
+		);
+
+		// _doing_wrong() should be called because the filter callback
+		// adds a item with a 'name' that is the same as one generated by core.
+		$this->setExpectedIncorrectUsage( 'wp_user_personal_data_exporter' );
+		add_filter( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array( $this, 'export_additional_user_profile_data_with_dup_name' ) );
+
+		$actual = wp_user_personal_data_exporter( $test_user->user_email );
+
+		remove_filter( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array( $this, 'export_additional_user_profile_data' ) );
+
+		$this->assertTrue( $actual['done'] );
+
+		// Number of exported users.
+		$this->assertSame( 1, count( $actual['data'] ) );
+
+		// Number of exported user properties (the 11 core properties,
+		// plus 1 additional from the filter).
+		$this->assertSame( 12, count( $actual['data'][0]['data'] ) );
+
+		// Check that the duplicate 'name' => 'User ID' was stripped.
+		$this->assertSame(
+			1,
+			count(
+				wp_list_filter(
+					$actual['data'][0]['data'],
+					array(
+						'name'  => 'User ID',
+					)
+				)
+			)
+		);
+
+		// Check that the item added by the filter was retained.
+		$this->assertSame(
+			1,
+			count(
+				wp_list_filter(
+					$actual['data'][0]['data'],
+					array(
+						'name'  => 'Test Additional Data Name',
+						'value' => 'Test Additional Data Value'
+					)
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Filter callback to add additional profile data to the User Group on Export Requests.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 47509
+	 *
+	 * @return array $additional_profile_data The additional User data.
+	 */
+	public function export_additional_user_profile_data() {
+		$additional_profile_data = array(
+			// This item should be retained and included in the export.
+			array(
+				'name'  => 'Test Additional Data Name',
+				'value' => 'Test Additional Data Value',
+			),
+		);
+
+		return $additional_profile_data;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Filter callback to add additional profile data to the User Group on Export Requests.
+	 *
+	 * This callback should generate a `_doing_it_wrong()`.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 47509
+	 *
+	 * @return array $additional_profile_data The additional User data.
+	 */
+	public function export_additional_user_profile_data_with_dup_name() {
+		$additional_profile_data = array(
+			// This item should be stripped out by wp_user_personal_data_exporter()
+			// because it's 'name' duplicates one exported by core.
+			array(
+				'name'  => 'User ID',
+				'value' => 'Some User ID',
+			),
+			// This item should be retained and included in the export.
+			array(
+				'name'  => 'Test Additional Data Name',
+				'value' => 'Test Additional Data Value',
+			),
+		);
+
+		return $additional_profile_data;
+	}
 }
