Twenty Seventeen: clean up excessive escaping in color-patterns.php

[celloexpressions]

For some reason, the $hue and $saturation variables have esc_attr every single time they appear in the CSS, making the CSS virtually unreadable. If these variables need to be escaped they should be escaped once when they're set. absint would be more appropriate for both anyway, as they're positive integers, then a % is appended to the saturation var. This is essentially a CSS file and the PHP pieces need to be as minimal/efficient as possible for readability.

Patch should wait for #38389 to avoid conflicting patches.

[Fencer04]

absint used when fetching value. esc_attr removed from each instance of using the variables.

[Fencer04]

Added a patch that uses absint when fetch the values and removed esc_attr from each instance of the variable in the $css string.

[Fencer04]

Created new diff file from root for easier patch installation.

[davidakennedy]

In 38999:

Twenty Seventeen: Remove excessive escaping in color-patterns.php

Uses absint() to escape when getting value. Removes esc_attr from each instance of the variable.

Props fencer04.

Fixes #38449.