Add missing inline docs information to esc_url_raw

[audrasjb]

In wp-includes/formatting.php, there should be a reference to wp_allowed_protocols under $protocols parameters, in the related inline documentation of esc_url_raw function.

To be consistent, we should probably copy the documentation available for esc_url.

[audrasjb]

Formatting: add missing inline documentation to esc_url_raw function

[SergeyBiryukov]

In 47783:

Docs: Add a note that the $protocols parameter of esc_url_raw() defaults to return value of wp_allowed_protocols().

This complements already existing note in esc_url().

Props audrasjb.
Fixes #50147.