Optimize regexes to remove protocol from URL

[GeertDD]

Regexes used to chop off the protocol of a URL should be anchored to the start of the string.

1. The regex fails faster and thus avoid useless work. No need to look further down the URL for strings like "http://".
2. The regex should not alter any URLs that might be contained in the query string.

[nacin]

I think 22330.2.diff​ is a full refresh of the remaining instances here. We do need to make sure that these don't break anything, though. (They look good at a glance.) In some cases these are unit-testable, as well.