wp_mail() sets Content-Type header twice for multipart emails

[rmccue]

When trying to send emails via wp_mail() with a Content-Type of multipart/alternative, the Content-Type header will be set with $phpmailer->ContentType, and again with $phpmailer->AddCustomHeader(), which causes two Content-Type headers in the email:

Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	 boundary="example_boundary"
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; charset=""

This appears to cause errors in Outlook, as there is no boundary on the latter.

The cause of this is PHPMailer::GetMailMIME(), as it does not know that the email is a multipart email. The easiest way to achieve this appears to be to simply allow the user to set the AltBody via wp_mail(). In order to achieve backwards compatibility, wp_mail() should work out which part is the text/plain one and which is the text/html one based on the boundary.

I'll be working on a patch for this.

One thought on how to achieve this was passing the body as an array instead of a string to wp_mail(), with keys being the Content-Type for each. Then, if only text/html and text/plain are set, use AltBody for the text and Body for the HTML. If anything else is set, we'll use PHPMailer's attachment system fully instead.

Thoughts?

It sounds good to accept an array of alternative versions.

Treat the non-array case either as we do now or as text/plain

If the body is a string, we'll use the current parsing (i.e. get Content-Type from the $headers parameter), otherwise, we'll ignore the Content-Type header from there and use the key for each item.

My only concern is adding custom headers to each type. We could accept something like this, I guess:

$body = array(
	'text/plain' => array(
		'headers' => array(
			'X-Type' => 'text'
		),
		'body' => 'xyz'
	)
);

Do people need type specific custom headers that often would be my question?

Does supporting multiple content types not remove the need for some of the custom headers?

I agree. Perhaps more elegant would be to simply have a wp_mail_headers_$type filter. Then, the $message parameter we accept could be:

$message = array(
	'text/plain' => 'xyz',
	'text/html' => '<b>xyz</b>'
);

I much prefer this, but it does involve adding an extra filter if people need custom headers.

Initial patch. Add support for text/html and text/plain

Turns out you *can't* have custom headers with PHPMailer anyway.

The patch I've included allows you to use an array such as the one I mentioned above. What I'd like to do is have the ability to add inline attachments (e.g. images), but I'm not sure how one would achieve that. With images, you're likely to have more than one, and if they're the same type, you're slightly screwed.

Perhaps allowing the following would be better:

$message = array(
	'text/plain' => 'xyz',
	'text/html' => '<b>xyz</b>',
	'image/png' => array(
		'file1.png',
		'file2.png'
	)
);

But we still then have the issue of working of if it's inline or an attachment. We might be able to do this based on the type, but I'm thinking a filter would work well for it. I'll submit a patch to that effect later.

Replying to rmccue:

Turns out you *can't* have custom headers with PHPMailer anyway.

The patch I've included allows you to use an array such as the one I mentioned above. What I'd like to do is have the ability to add inline attachments (e.g. images), but I'm not sure how one would achieve that. With images, you're likely to have more than one, and if they're the same type, you're slightly screwed.

Perhaps allowing the following would be better:

$message = array(
	'text/plain' => 'xyz',
	'text/html' => '<b>xyz</b>',
	'image/png' => array(
		'file1.png',
		'file2.png'
	)
);

But we still then have the issue of working of if it's inline or an attachment. We might be able to do this based on the type, but I'm thinking a filter would work well for it. I'll submit a patch to that effect later.

This is looking good.

I just checked the "Unit" Tests we have and found that we do have some for the wp_mail function :-)

Would be good to add some more test cases for your new functionality if you get time but you should at least check that the current ones pass :-D

Add support for multiple attachments of the same type

Looks good.

I've added a basic test for this new functionality in ​[UT322]

Replying to westi:

I've added a basic test for this new functionality in ​[UT322]

FYI, it's boundary ;)

Also, it doesn't appear as though the charset matches the blog's character set, but I'm not sure on that. Probably worth a unit test for that too.

Replying to rmccue:

Replying to westi:

I've added a basic test for this new functionality in ​[UT322]

FYI, it's boundary ;)

Also, it doesn't appear as though the charset matches the blog's character set, but I'm not sure on that. Probably worth a unit test for that too.

:-) Spilling fail

Unit Tests++

I would like to roll this small enhancement from GCI into 3.2

I think the main check for the $message should be is_array() and else, rather than is_string() elseif is_array(). Patch looks good.

Per "This appears to cause errors in Outlook," this sounds like an enhancement that fixes a bug? westi, your call on this one. Looked good a few weeks ago for me.

Another bug with the wp_mail function in WordPress 3.2. It doesn't work if we write this:

wp_mail('Example <me@example.net>', 'The subject', 'The message');

We must write this instead:

wp_mail('me@example.net', 'The subject', 'The message');

Replying to Kleor:

Another bug with the wp_mail function in WordPress 3.2. It doesn't work if we write this:

wp_mail('Example <me@example.net>', 'The subject', 'The message');

We must write this instead:

wp_mail('me@example.net', 'The subject', 'The message');

That has already been fixed what build are you testing with?

3.2-beta1

Replying to Kleor:

3.2-beta1

Which was [17903] the $to issues was fixed in [18006] for #17305 please upgrade to a newer nightly build

I think this still counts as an enhancement rather than a bug.

At the moment we don't really support multipart emails.

Marking for 3.3

The two patches so far both have a major error. If wp_mail() is called twice, AltBody is not cleared. Suggest you add these two lines:

	$phpmailer->ClearCCs();
	$phpmailer->ClearCustomHeaders();
	$phpmailer->ClearReplyTos();

+	$phpmailer->Body= '';
+	$phpmailer->AltBody= '';

	// From email and name
	// If we don't have a name from the input headers
	if ( !isset( $from_name ) )

A test for the error in the patch is as follows: call wp_mail() with an array message to send an HTML email. Then call wp_mail() with a string message to send a different plain email. The second message will be send multi-part, with the previous message in one part and the current message in the other part. Security problem in some uses.

The patch needs to be updated anyway, in light of Bug #17305, so I would also suggest incorporating the improvement I suggested there to allow '<foo@…>' in $to and to clean up the regex:

			// Break $recipient into name and address parts if in the format "Foo <bar@baz.com>"
			$recipient_name = '';
-			if( preg_match( '/(.+)\s?<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
+			if( preg_match( '/(.*)<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
				if ( count( $matches ) == 3 ) {
					$recipient_name = $matches[1];
					$recipient = $matches[2];
				}
			}
-			$phpmailer->AddAddress( trim( $recipient ), $recipient_name);
+			$phpmailer->AddAddress( trim( $recipient ), trim( $recipient_name) );
		} catch ( phpmailerException $e ) {
			continue;
..................
				// Break $recipient into name and address parts if in the format "Foo <bar@baz.com>"
				$recipient_name = '';
-				if( preg_match( '/(.+)\s?<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
+				if( preg_match( '/(.*)<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
					if ( count( $matches ) == 3 ) {
						$recipient_name = $matches[1];
						$recipient = $matches[2];
					}
				}
-				$phpmailer->AddCc( trim($recipient), $recipient_name );
+				$phpmailer->AddCc( trim($recipient), trim($recipient_name) );
			} catch ( phpmailerException $e ) {
				continue;
..................
				// Break $recipient into name and address parts if in the format "Foo <bar@baz.com>"
				$recipient_name = '';
-				if( preg_match( '/(.+)\s?<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
+				if( preg_match( '/(.*)<(.+)>/', $recipient, $matches ) ) {
					if ( count( $matches ) == 3 ) {
						$recipient_name = $matches[1];
						$recipient = $matches[2];
					}
				}
-				$phpmailer->AddBcc( trim($recipient), $recipient_name );
+				$phpmailer->AddBcc( trim($recipient), trim($recipient_name) );
			} catch ( phpmailerException $e ) {
				continue;

Security-wise, it would be best to also clear phpmailer at the end of wp_mail(), actually.

This patch has been merged with the "enhanced emails" project code. See #18493 .

This is still a problem. Constructing one's own multipart/mixed email and sending it through wp_mail() results in attachments not being read properly by Hotmail's e-mail program (Gmail and RoundCube work fine). This is due to wp_mail() adding headers so that e.g. in totality, the following headers and body are produced:

MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
	 boundary="==Multipart_Boundary_x{82b884f3b88a46c15d210eda4b90a8f7}x"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; charset=""

--==Multipart_Boundary_x{82b884f3b88a46c15d210eda4b90a8f7}x
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Dear Recipient,
...

In this case, the lines

MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; charset=""

are the ones added by wp_mail(), thus causing Hotmail to ignore any multiparts due to the second Content-Type definition overriding the first.

Could we not just add a flag to wp_mail() that desists from adding any headers other than the ones supplied to it by the function call?

Marking as needs-refresh for now, as it may need parts backported from #18493. I should get to this within a day, if not, yell in my direction. :)

Attaching updated diff from core code revision 686217.

Having looked at #18493, I feel some of those changes (i.e. default to require a template file) may break plugins currently using the wp_mail() function so I haven't back ported anything from that ticket.

see #30284

#31653 was marked as a duplicate.

Refresh of @rmccue/@MattyRob patch 15448_March2013.diff for 4.2.2.

Just to highlight that sending multipart emails (html/text) with wp_mail() (to reduce chance of emails ending up in spam folders) will ironically result with your domain being blocked by Hotmail (and other Microsoft emails).

We are currently discussing this severe issue over at WPSE:

​http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/191923/sending-multipart-text-html-emails-via-wp-mail-will-likely-get-your-domain-b

This issue has been pending for 5 years and it hasn't appeared as if there is any interest to implement a fix to core. Maybe it is about that time to invest and resolve this properly.

The patch posted above 15448_June2015.diff​ works.

Consider implementing this solution.

Refresh of @rmccue/@MattyRob patch 15448_March2013.diff for 4.4.

Refresh of @MikeHansenMe patch 15448-unittests.diff for 4.4.

Refreshes for gardening drive.

Refresh of @rmccue/@MattyRob patch 15448_March2013.diff for 4.5.

Refresh for 4.5 Bug Scrub (just removes "Hunk succeeded" messages). 15448_Sept2015-unittests.diff still good.

Updated to use coding standards (changed bits only).

Per ​https://wordpress.slack.com/archives/core/p1454696774001887, applied coding standards to patch.

How close are we to getting the patch added to core? Is there anything I can do to help? We need to get this fixed. Multipart emails is a basic necessity for a lot of WordPress plugin development.

Gents,

is there any update on that? It is really crucial...

There is already possible solution, why don't include it in a core?
​http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/191923/sending-multipart-text-html-emails-via-wp-mail-will-likely-get-your-domain-b

Refresh for 4.7. Includes unit tests.

Refresh for WP 4.7, with unit tests included in the one patch. Added extra test to make sure the workarounds using phpmailer_init mentioned in WPSE post still work, around.

Is there anything else needed on this? Why hasn't this been merged?

Replying to JeffMatson:

Is there anything else needed on this? Why hasn't this been merged?

Maybe some testing and for a committer to pick it up.

#39642 was marked as a duplicate.

When trying to send emails via wp_mail() with a Content-Type of multipart/alternative, the Content-Type header will be set with $phpmailer->ContentType, and again with $phpmailer->AddCustomHeader(), which causes two Content-Type headers in the email:

Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	 boundary="example_boundary"
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; charset=""

As far as I can tell, the original issue for this ticket, being that two Content-Type headers would be added, was fixed in a PHPMailer update some time ago - I can't find when, although I'll note PHPMailer 5.2.10 added the This is a multi-part message in MIME format. filler line which would've fixed the final Outlook-related parse failures.

I'll note that there's zero code examples posted on the ticket other than a unit test using MockMailer - without example code it's incredibly hard to actually verify if an issue still exists, and if so, if the proposed patches actually fix it.

Using the following code:

$html_message = '<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /></head><body><p>Hello World!</p></body></html>';
add_action( 'phpmailer_init', $alt_function = function( $mailer ) { $mailer->AltBody = strip_tags( $mailer->Body ); } );
wp_mail( $to, $subject, $html_message );
remove_action( 'phpmailer_init', $alt_function );

will result in the following email:

From: WordPress <wordpress@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <8bd7f4a25da2084a2a803d40a4c823e2@centos>
X-Mailer: PHPMailer 5.2.22 (https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
        boundary="b1_8bd7f4a25da2084a2a803d40a4c823e2"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

--b1_8bd7f4a25da2084a2a803d40a4c823e2
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Hello World!

--b1_8bd7f4a25da2084a2a803d40a4c823e2
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /></head><body><p>Hello World!</p></body></html>

--b1_8bd7f4a25da2084a2a803d40a4c823e2--

---

That being said, I don't mind the approaches taken here - extending the $message parameter of wp_mail() to accept an array of mime typed contents. However, with the above in light that I can't duplicate the original issue, I'm curious if the additional code in 15448_Sep2016.diff​ is actually needed anymore.

The interactions between this and #18493 could end up weird - however, I expect that this use-case would just override any future HTML email template functionality core added.

Proof of concept:

function mail_check() {
        $to = "recipient@example.com";

        $subject = 'wp_mail testing multipart';
        $message = 'Hello world! This is plain text...';

        $headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
        $headers .= "From: sender@example.com\r\n";
        $headers .= 'Content-Type: multipart/alternative;boundary="----=_Part_18243133_1346573420.1408991447668"';


        // send email
        wp_mail( $to, $subject, $message, $headers );
}
add_action( 'shutdown', 'mail_check' );

Produces the following in WordPress 4.7.2:

From: WordPress <wordpress@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <183f1675f0731e7c2d3b822eb0370c1f>
X-Mailer: PHPMailer 5.2.22 (https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	 boundary="----=_Part_18243133_1346573420.1408991447668"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; charset=

Hello world! This is plain text...

Replying to MattyRob:

Proof of concept:

Thanks @MattyRob, with that I was able to duplicate the scenario. I don't actually think it's a valid use of PHPMailer myself, but respect that people use all sorts of hacks to send email..

@dd32

I agree - my PoC is very sub-optimal. Patching the wp_mail() function to handle multipart emails directly should make developers lives easier, account for sub-optimal use of wp_mail() and perhaps increase deliverability too.

Any chance of getting this in the 4.7.x branch at some point?

Any chance of getting this in the 4.7.x branch at some point?

A bugfix to remove the duplicate headers - likely, although, I have a feeling that it should be fixed in PHPMailer instead of in WordPress (Based on the code I've read in PHPMailer, it looks like it's detecting the email type wrong - and it is, which is why the duplicate header is added).

Accepting text/html + text/plain as args in wp_mail() will probably be a 4.8 thing, just based on needing to have a much longer testing and bug-finding period being needed.

Per yesterday's bug scrub, we're going to punt this to 4.8.1.

Per today's bug scrub, we'll punt this as the focus for 4.8.1 is regressions only.